廊坊市水资源现状及保护措施探讨     

安琪  付强  乔洁  韩美玲 《地下水》2020,(1):155-157

水资源会影响社会经济的发展,健康的水环境能够促进经济社会的良性发展。本文从廊坊市地理位置、气候特征、水资源基本状况和水资源保护工作现状等方面分析了廊坊市目前的水资源现状以及现行保护措施。结果认为,推进国家节水行动、建设水资源配置工程、推进水污染的防治、统筹修复水生态环境以及完善水资源保护与利用机制,实现水资源的可持续利用;面对水污染,要从根本上解决水污染,污水回用要合理,真正做到水资源的"开源"与"节流"。  相似文献   

“一带一路”成员国居民健康状况的时空统计分析     

郭文杰  秦昆  毛宗福  王一喆  汪瑶  许刚  马露 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(5):1133-1141

健康是影响不同国家和地区发展的关键因素,全面了解“一带一路”成员国的居民健康状况,是探讨“一带一路”成员国之间健康医疗合作的重要基础。本文选择了4个代表性的健康状况指标（出生期望寿命、总生育率、过早非传染性疾病死亡率和结核病发病率）,利用Moran's I指数、Getis-Ord G指数对“一带一路”135个成员国的健康状况进行时空统计,分析了健康状况的空间相关性和空间分布模式,研究了健康状况的时空格局。研究发现：① 2000—2016年“一带一路”大部分成员国的各项健康状况指标均朝着改善和优化方向发展;健康状况指标均呈现显著的正空间自相关性;② 总体而言,在“一带一路”成员国中,欧洲国家的居民健康状况最好;南北美洲和大洋洲国家的居民健康状况良好;亚洲国家的居民健康状况总体良好,但东南亚部分国家的结核病发病率较高;非洲国家的居民健康状况虽有明显改善,但仍处于较低状态。因此,“一带一路”成员国应进一步加强健康医疗合作,共同推动健康丝绸之路的发展。  相似文献   

撤县(市)设区对城市空间扩展的影响机理——以杭州市为例     

陈妤凡  王开泳 《地理研究》2019,38(2):221-234

城镇化的持续推进对城市空间扩展产生了新的需求,撤县（市）设区是中国城市市辖区实现扩容提质的主要手段之一。以杭州为例,定量测度撤县（市）设区后杭州城区空间扩展的时空特征及其各方面的影响,并探讨了这一区划调整对城市空间扩展影响的作用机理。研究发现：通过撤县（市）设区,杭州城区的建设用地东扩趋势明显,萧山和余杭两区的建设用地新增面积和扩展速度均高于平均水平,且两地建设用地空间存在多中心集聚特征,成为新一轮的杭州建设用地扩展高密度区,城市功能不断凸显。总体来看,撤县（市）设区对城市空间的影响是间接的,具有一定的滞后性,通过引导城市空间扩展的主要方向,实现中心城市人口和产业向新设市辖区的转移和集聚,提供城市空间扩展的载体。撤县（市）设区后需要通过后续的城市规划修编、土地性质和权限调整、生产要素集聚与空间重组等路径,对城市空间扩张与空间演变产生直接影响。  相似文献   

Consumption of Ecosystem Services in Laos     

LIANG Yihang  ZHEN Lin  JIA Mengmeng  HU Yunfeng  ZHANG Changshun  LUO Qi 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(6):641-648

The exponential increase of ecosystem utilization has instigated a serious conflict between ecosystem services and residents’ needs. The Belt and Road Initiative has greatly influenced Laotian production and living, and the scientific assessment of the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos is important for exploring residents’ influence on the ecosystem. Based on data for the Laotian consumption of agricultural products, fruits and livestock products during 1961-2013, normalized by either harvest index or feed conversion ratio, this study draws three main conclusions. 1) Ecosystem service consumption in Laos is centered on the consumption of farmland, forestry and grassland ecosystem services, which account for over 80%, over 10% and under 2%, showing downward, upward and constant trends, respectively. The consumption of these ecosystem services shows a trend of increasing first, then fluctuating, and finally increasing. 2) The consumption of ecosystem services in Laos was characterized by the mode of “dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services” from 1961 to 2008, and the mode of “balanced development of consumption of farmland, forest and grassland ecosystem services” from 2008 to 2013, with a trend of transformation from the former into the latter. 3) The formation and change in the consumption mode of Laotian ecosystem services have been affected by both supply and trade. Laos developed agriculture mainly during the period from 1961 to 2008, forming the mode of “dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services”. This development benefited from the enriched varieties of imports as well as the increased value of trade and import volume. However, the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos after 2008 changed from the mode of “dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services” to one of “balanced development of consumption of farmland, forest and grassland ecosystem services”. This study provides an empirical reference for research on the consumption of ecosystem services.  相似文献   

GNSS变形监测网短基线时间序列噪声特性分析     

刘邢巍  席瑞杰 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(4):404-409

利用时间跨度为5 a的GNSS短基线时间序列对噪声特性进行分析，发现长周期噪声分量（随机游走噪声）。选取最优噪声模型，评估不同噪声模型对测站周期振幅和线性速度估值的影响。结果表明，短基线时间序列中有色噪声应顾及闪烁噪声和随机游走噪声，对于表现出随机游走噪声的分量，可能与测站的真实运动有关；假设只有白噪声时求得的速度估值与最优噪声模型下求得的速度估值存在0.4~0.6 mm/a的偏差，对周期振幅的影响可以忽略。  相似文献   

珠江口盆地荔湾凹陷上渐新统—早中新统物源特征及其对沉积充填的影响     

邢作昌  张忠涛  林畅松  张博  洪方浩  张正涛 《中国地质》2020,47(5):1577-1588

利用化学蚀变指数法恢复物源区的风化历史及沉积物通量是一种经济实用、行之有效的方法。前人对珠江口盆地荔湾凹陷对应物源区的研究相对薄弱。本文通过对区内岩心测试数据进行化学蚀变指数分析，恢复晚渐新世—早中新世物源区的风化历史，并进行沉积物通量的估算，在此基础上探讨物源特征对研究区内沉积充填的控制作用。研究表明，晚渐新世研究区对应物源区经历了强烈风化阶段，该阶段产生的丰富的沉积物供给是研究区西北部快速进积、规模壮观的陆架边缘三角洲及斜坡重力流沉积体系发育的重要控制因素之一；早中新世，西北物源区风化减弱，沉积供给减少，但研究区东部沉积物供应较西部要充分得多，表明早中新世，研究区南部除了来自西北部的主要物源外，局部物源对该时期的沉积具有重要影响；推测东部物源(东部古隆起、兴宁古隆起)的突然复活是促进研究区东部早中新世沟槽形成发育的重要原因之一。在超深水区进行沉积物源区的研究中，这种半定量的方法对盆内局部物源的确定具有重要的指示意义。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系马六段白云岩特征及形成机制研究     

刘丽红  王春连  李丽霞  杜治利  唐跃  韩淼 《中国地质》2020,47(3):810-820

鄂尔多斯盆地马六段在盆地大部分地区被剥蚀,仅在盆地周缘地区分布,因此,有关该盆地马六段白云岩成因研究较少。本文通过对马六段白云岩岩石学特征、阴极发光特征、微量元素特征以及碳氧同位素地球化学特征进行分析,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部马六段白云岩特征及形成机制进行了研究。研究结果表明,盆地南部马六段白云岩主要由细—中晶白云岩组成,白云石具"雾心亮边"结构,阴极发光呈暗红色光。微量元素总体上具有较低的Fe、Mn值,平均值分别为447×10~(-6)和62×10~(-6),较高的K、Na值,平均值分别为517×10-6和252×10~(-6),以及中等含量的Sr元素值,平均值为155×10~(-6)。δ~(13)C值平均为-0.617‰,δ~(18)O值平均为-7.6‰,以上特征均反映出海源流体特征。白云石的"雾心"和"亮边"结构中微量元素含量相差不大,认为是在相同成岩环境的不同成岩阶段形成,其中"雾心"形成于浅埋藏环境的渗透回流白云石化作用,而"亮边"是在深埋藏环境下对早期白云石的调整和加强。  相似文献   

地质钻探废弃冲洗液污染特性及脱稳技术研究          下载免费PDF全文

张统得  蒋炳  严君凤 《探矿工程》2020,47(4):134-139

废弃冲洗液无害化处理是落实绿色勘查理念的一项重要工作。通过室内测试分析与现场调研，对地质钻探不同领域的钻孔废弃冲洗液进行污染特性研究，了解其基本性质以及对环境的影响方式。结合湘桃地2井废弃冲洗液开展脱稳技术室内研究，对破胶剂及絮凝剂进行了优选，并获得了脱稳处理的基础配方。实验结果表明，经过处理后废弃冲洗液能实现快速脱稳絮凝，COD、悬浮物、色度等污染指标大幅下降，为下一步深度处理实现无害化排放创造了有利条件。  相似文献   

Sunspot numbers based on historic records in the 1610s: Early telescopic observations by Simon Marius and others     

R. Neuhuser  D. L. Neuhuser 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2016,337(6):581-620

Hoyt & Schatten (1998) claim that Simon Marius would have observed the sun from 1617 Jun 7 to 1618 Dec 31 (Gregorian calendar) all days, except three short gaps in 1618, but would never have detected a sunspot – based on a quotation from Marius in Wolf (1857), but mis‐interpreted by Hoyt & Schatten. Marius himself specified in early 1619 that for one and a half year... rather few or more often no spots could be detected... which was never observed before (Marius 1619). The generic statement by Marius can be interpreted such that the active day fraction was below 0.5 (but not zero) from fall 1617 to spring 1619 and that it was 1 before fall 1617 (since August 1611). Hoyt & Schatten cite Zinner (1952), who referred to Zinner (1942), where observing dates by Marius since 1611 are given but which were not used by Hoyt & Schatten. We present all relevant texts from Marius where he clearly stated that he observed many spots in different form on and since 1611 Aug 3 (Julian) = Aug 13 (Greg.) (on the first day together with Ahasverus Schmidnerus); 14 spots on 1612 May 30 (Julian) = Jun 9 (Greg.), which is consistent with drawings by Galilei and Jungius for that day, the latter is shown here for the first time; at least one spot on 1611 Oct 3 and/or 11 (Julian), i.e. Oct 13 and/or 21 (Greg.), when he changed his sunspot observing technique; he also mentioned that he has drawn sunspots for 1611 Nov 17 (Julian) = Nov 27 (Greg.); in addition to those clearly datable detections, there is evidence in the texts for regular observations. For all the information that can be compared to other observers, the data from Marius could be confirmed, so that his texts are highly credible. We also correct several shortcomings or apparent errors in the database by Hoyt & Schatten (1998) regarding 1612 (Harriot), 1615 (Saxonius, Tard´e), 1616 (Tard´e), 1617–1619 (Marius, Riccioli/Argoli), and Malapert (for 1618, 1620, and 1621). Furthermore, Schmidnerus, Cysat, David & Johann Fabricius, Tanner, Perovius, Argoli, and Wely are not mentioned as observers for 1611, 1612, 1618, 1620, and 1621 in Hoyt & Schatten. Marius and Schmidnerus are among the earliest datable telescopic sunspot observers (1611 Aug 3, Julian), namely after Harriot, the two Fabricius (father and son), Scheiner, and Cysat. Sunspots records by Malapert from 1618 to 1621 show that the last low‐latitude spot was seen in Dec 1620, while the first high‐latitude spots were noticed in June and Oct 1620, so that the Schwabe cycle turnover (minimum) took place around that time, which is also consistent with the sunspot trend mentioned by Marius and with naked‐eye spots and likely true aurorae. We consider discrepancies in the Hoyt & Schatten (1998) systematics, we compile the active day fractions for the 1610s, and we critically discuss very recent publications on Marius which include the following Maunder Minimum. Our work should be seen as a call to go back to the historical sources. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷南部深层沙一段优质碎屑岩储层特征及成因机制     

赵晓东  时阳  文雯  李亮  张博明  陈刚强 《地质论评》2021,67(3):67040015-67040015

利用岩芯、薄片、扫描电镜和分析化验等资料,对南堡凹陷南部深层古近系沙一段（沙河街组一段）优质碎屑岩储层特征进行了分析并揭示其成因机制。研究表明：①南堡凹陷南部沙一段优质碎屑岩储层属于低孔中渗储层,发育原生孔隙、次生孔隙和微裂缝;②沙一段沉积期处于强水动力沉积环境,辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体普遍发育,岩性主要为中粗砂岩、含砾砂岩和砂砾岩等粗岩性,岩石类型主要为岩屑长石砂岩,石英、岩浆岩岩屑等刚性组分含量高,储层在强压实作用下仍保留了局部原生残余粒间孔,部分刚性组分强压条件下形成微裂缝;③沙一段与东三段为区域不整合接触,大气水的酸性流体在成岩初期以及烃源岩成熟之后产生的有机酸在成岩后期通过油源断裂和不整合面进入储层,造成长石、易溶碎屑等组分溶蚀形成次生孔隙,溶蚀作用不仅增加孔隙空间,而且扩大喉道宽度。结论认为：粗岩性和高刚性颗粒含量为原生孔隙的保存提供了物质基础;油源断层、不整合面为酸性流体的进入提供路径,促进了次生孔隙发育。  相似文献